Fallen People On A Fallen Planet

Question: I read on the BBC site that "Modern thinkers don't think the doctrine of original sin is literally true, but they do think it contains real truths about the human condition." So is the doctrine of the fall and original sin true or not? Is the universe worse because of the fall?

Answer:  Adam fell, as we have all fallen, and there are consequences to choosing evil over good.

First, it’s important for us to remember that doctrines are formulated by men. For instance the doctrine of the fall and original sin are viewed differently in the western church and eastern church. And there is a range of Christian thought about how our fallen nature affects us. Take Gregory, the 4th-century Archbishop of Constantinople, he is well known as a Trinitarian Theologian and still influences modern Christians, Gregory, speaking of infants said, “for of sins of ignorance owing to their tender years they have no account to give”.  Leading people to presume that Gregory did not seem too worried with original sin in the child’s life and that they may be exempt from sin.

However, most Christian theologians recognise that from birth humans have a serious flaw: "Surely I was sinful at birth, sinful from the time my mother conceived me" (Ps 51:5). 

Jesus himself made it quite plain: "He did not need anyone to testify concerning man, for He Himself knew what was in man" (John 2:25). We conclude that: according to Jesus, something sinister lurks within us.

Augustine helped develop the doctrine of fallen humanity. It seems that since Irenaeus (in the second century) started talking about the subject of sin resulting from the fall of man, the doctrine has had a spectrum of adherents, from some who think our fallen nature is a slight deficiency, to others who say we are totally depraved. The truth seems to lie somewhere in the middle. We are marred, we have a fault. God told Jeremiah (Jer 18:1-4) to go to the potter’s house and watch him work. The potter marred the first pot that he was making so he made another pot from the same clay. Isaiah put it a slightly different way: "Woe to those who quarrel with their Maker, those who are nothing but potsherds among the potsherds on the ground" (Isa 45:9), a potsherd is a broken piece of clay pot. We are broken clay pots, we were taken from the earth and made useful but have become defective. That’s a good picture of fallen humans, we must be born again because the life we have from our first birth has been marred and broken, so we need, as Jesus put it, new wineskins because the old ones will crack.

Humans have a tendency to veer off-course; we are free agents who can become our own despotic gods. Moses pointed out that “They are not His children, because of their defect” (Deut 32:5). The King James version translates “defect” as “spot,” which is the Hebrew word, too. Humans are marred with a spot or blemish. The reason we have a tendency to veer off-course is because the “spot,” or the "law of sin and death," is at work in our lives. Originally: "God created mankind upright, but they have gone in search of many schemes" (Ecclesiastes 7:29). A piece of fruit that has a blemish will start to erode and rot from that point - Sin works its way through us starting from our blemish. (Although, we notice that each person's spot may start at a different point. Hence the "many schemes".)

Paul says, "Although they knew God, they neither glorified him as God nor gave thanks to him, but their thinking became futile and their foolish hearts were darkened" (Romans 1:21). "Therefore God gave them over in the sinful desires of their hearts" (Romans 1:24). That's our fallen nature; we have been "given over" to our sinful desires. 

Paul says this three times:

• "Therefore God gave them over in the sinful desires of their hearts to sexual impurity for the degrading of their bodies with one another" (Rom 1:24).
• "God gave them over to shameful lusts" (Rom 1:26).
• "God gave them over to a depraved mind" (Rom 1:28).

The "giving over" is attested in the Old Testament too: "For you have hidden your face from us and have given us over to our sins" (Isa 64:7).

Paul also aligns himself with those who have been "given over". We read in Romans 7, "in my inner being I delight in God’s law; but I see another law at work in me, waging war against the law of my mind and making me a prisoner of the law of sin at work within me. What a wretched man I am!” (Rom 7:22–24).

Paul concludes, "For God has bound everyone over to disobedience" (Rom 11:32).

The King James Version labels a specific malady that humankind is afflicted with as “concupiscence.” 

"But sin, taking occasion by the commandment, wrought in me all manner of concupiscence" (Rom 7:8). Concupiscence, in this verse, pertains to our lower appetites and manifests itself contrary to reasoning. Normally our biological desires serve a useful function, such as a desire to eat, or our desire to have sex, or desire to exercise or rest, etc. These are common biological appetites that we ought to listen to and obey when they occur in the ordinary way that God intended them to be used—at the right time, in the right place, and for the right duration. There seems to be three ways concupiscence manifests itself. 

Firstly, concupiscence can take an ordinary good biological desire and urge us to indulge the desire inappropriately, perhaps at the wrong time or for the wrong length of time or wrong place. For instance, resting is good and something we all need to do, but if we rest all the time we can no longer call our behavior “rest” because the vice of laziness has taken over. As Ecclesiastes 3:1 tells us, “There is a time for everything and a season for every activity.” Yet concupiscence overrides the appropriate amount of time for a given activity and overbalances a person in such a way that we are similar to children’s clown toys that have a spherical lower body in place of legs causing them to roll from one side to the other. Hosea explained that the people of Ephraim were “hot as an oven” and like “a flat loaf not turned over” (Hos 7:7–8). Some cooking requires the food to be turned at the halfway point, and failing to do so will mean the food is burned on one side and undercooked on the other. Similarly concupiscence creates a disproportionate balance resulting in an inability for us to stand upright, we begin to sway and slump when we ought to be straight, steady, and strong. Hosea continued, saying, “Ephraim is like a dove, easily deceived and senseless—now calling to Egypt, now turning to Assyria” (7:11), Egypt in the south, Assyria to the north—like a pendulum we swing from one extreme to the other.

The second way concupiscence operates is in actions that are not ordinary; the King James Bible translators call these actions “inordinate.” 

Paul highlighted that humans were “given over” to the “degrading of their bodies with one another” (Rom 1:24).

The degrading of the body serves little or no useful biological function—this is the second way that concupiscence works. For instance, sadomasochism is an appetite that some people have and its place does not seem to fit in the biologically created order.

Sadomasochism is one of several appetites that human beings may have, but in this particular appetite one person may enjoy being hurt, and normally our bodies do all they can to avoid being hurt. Our five senses help us to protect ourselves from harm. But if our mind lowers these defenses, or degrades them as we may downgrade someone’s salary or their position of rank, then we get closer to what the Bible means when speaking of the “degrading of their bodies.” Whipping or torturing a human being is a downgrading of how human beings ought to be treated whether it is for the extraction of information from a suspect or because someone enjoys inflicting pain on another human being. Yet because of an “appetite” some people seem happy to hurt, or to be hurt, in this way. 

The appetites that serve no useful biological purpose are not acquired; we are, according to Scripture, born with them as a part of the package of our fallen nature.

However, if we feed them they will get stronger. “Make no provision for gratifying your earthly cravings” (Rom 13:14 wnt). 

The third way concupiscence infiltrates the human condition is by lowering our mind’s resistance to the sinful desires we find inside us. We can conclude that the three ways Paul informs us that we have been “given over” work together: number one, not only do we use poor time and place judgement for ordinary desires, but number two, we also have inordinate appetites, and number three our resistance to them is lowered. Paul highlighted firstly, the “degrading of their bodies with one another” (Rom 1:24), secondly, that “God gave them over to shameful lusts” (26), and thirdly, “God gave them over to a depraved mind, so that they do what ought not to be done” (28).

The Apostle John highlights three faults in humanity this way: “Everything in the world—the lust of the flesh, the lust of the eyes, and the pride of life—comes not from the Father but from the world” (1 John 2:16). There are of course other sinful vices that lead us deeper into the mire. “The acts of the flesh are obvious: sexual immorality, impurity and debauchery; idolatry and witchcraft; hatred, discord, jealousy, fits of rage, selfish ambition, dissensions, factions and envy; drunkenness, orgies, and the like. I warn you, as I did before, that those who live like this will not inherit the kingdom of God” (Gal 5:19–21). 

This is the “spot” spoken of by Moses. The blemish we all have. James reminds us that “Pure religion” requires a man “to keep himself unspotted from the world” (Jas 1:27 kjv). Yahweh gave Adam in the garden the best opportunity possible to live with “pure religion.” But he was blighted along with the rest of us.

Jesus was the only one who was born without the “spot”. "A lamb without blemish and without spot" (1Pet 1:19), In stark contrast to us: "We are all like an unclean thing" (Isa 64:6).

Through faith in Christ we are saved from the spot that plagues humanity, and we become the bride of Christ, his church, his temple. "You are all fair, my love; there is no spot in you" (Song 4:7).

Faith in Christ saves us from the law of sin and death, and the "futile way of life inherited from your forefathers" (1 Peter 1:18) - Jesus had a human mother but not a human father, so he shared in our humanity but did not inherit the flaw or blemish the rest of humanity has. (For more on the "sins of the fathers" being passed from one generation to the next see "Circumcision in Genesis".)

The human "heart is deceitful above all things and beyond cure" (Jer 17:9). Jesus was crushed, bruised and killed because of the flaw. Humanity needed to be thrown out and discarded and Jesus did that on our behalf and was able to do so because he shared our humanity.

We are new creations in Christ. Paul tells us to "put off, concerning your former conduct, the old man which grows corrupt according to the deceitful lusts" (Eph 4:22). 

In Christ we are forgiven with a new nature but Augustine points out that our fallen nature is “left in order that a person may find out about himself… People are not as well known to themselves as well as they are to their Creator, nor do the sick know themselves as well as the doctor does. A man is sick; he is suffering, the doctor isn’t suffering, and the patient is waiting to hear what he is suffering from the one who isn’t suffering. That is why a man cries out in a psalm, From my hidden faults cleanse me, O Lord (Ps 19:12-13). There are things in a person which are hidden from the person in whom they are. And they won’t come out, or be opened up, or discovered, except through tests and trials and temptations.

If God stops testing, it means the master is stopping teaching. God tests in order to teach, the devil tempts in order to mislead.”

God will reveal what we need to know if we listen to his Spirit who convicts us of sin - “I see another law in my members, warring against the law of my mind, and bringing me into captivity to the law of sin which is in my members” (Rom 7:23).

Moving on to the state of the universe: Let’s remember that even before humans had learned sin God did not make the world free from sharp corners where humans could hurt themselves, there are cliffs that a person may fall from, there are accidents waiting to happen if we don’t use our reason and try to negotiate difficult situations carefully; we may get injured or injure someone else. The first humans could get hurt just as we can get hurt. Responsibility is given us as a part of being made in God’s image. Let’s say someone is cutting down a tree but doesn't bother to warn people and someone gets hurt when the tree falls - the result of someone being irresponsible, a person's fallen nature has resulted in someone being injured.

Or deceit will hurt people who thought they could trust each other, relationships fail because of infidelity. The tangled web we weave leaves a trail of pain in its wake. So in that sense, human sin has made the world a more treacherous place to live - There are also micro-organisms that can spread among humans. An explosion of bacteria or a virus may occur, sometimes caused by human behaviour that facilitates a disease through unhygienic practices; and other times we’re not sure what brought a disease among us. Or an earthquake may devastate an area. Plus war, criminal behaviour and hundreds of other things go wrong that stop life on earth being as God wills. All of the trouble in the world cannot be attributed to human agencies but some of it can. God allows other things for his own reasons.

The doctrine of the fall includes "we reap what we sow", and God uses the physical world as a reflection of our spiritual state. He teaches us spiritual truths through the mirror of the material world. (I explain this in my book Fishing for Praise). Currently we have been afflicted with the coronavirus.

Job, in the Bible, was also afflicted, but boundaries were put in place so that his affliction could only go so far and no further. Job acted with righteousness and came through his difficulties. If we obey the rules of social distancing that our leaders have put in place, our affliction will only go so far. If obedience is our guide we will be better placed to combat the virus. But if we ignore the advice of medical advisers we risk harm to ourselves and those "at risk" around us. "The integrity of the upright guides them, but the unfaithful are destroyed by their duplicity" (Proverbs 11:3). 

The present universe shows us that all is not as it should be; that includes the state of the human soul. We see that man is born to trouble but the trouble can also teach us important lessons. If someone is ill then those who are well have an opportunity to show love and care for the sick person. If there has been a natural disaster then the surrounding people have a duty and responsibility to show care, help and love to those affected.

The danger in the universe alerts us to the fact that humanity is not in the eternal home that God has made for us, we are not ‘there’ yet. The danger and trouble shows us that this universe is temporary. The trouble also allows us to see that we need help, each one of us can cry out to God. Trouble can be what CSLewis called a "severe mercy". That we see things go wrong, and sometimes disastrously wrong, helps warn us of our need.

Jesus has gone to prepare a place for us where disasters, disease and death will be no more. We are presently living in what John in Revelation calls the "old order of things." At present, evil is in the world and creation groans under the weight of reflecting that fact. The universe is predisposed to react negatively to evil; God created it that way. God saw that all he had made was "very good" and part of that goodness was an inbuilt alarm - if humans took an evil course, creation would alert us that something was amiss. Part of the message in Romans 8 is that creation groans under the weight of evil that's done.

God uses creation's groans to guide humans along a righteous course, similar to a sheep dog herding a flock of sheep. When the sheep start to veer off course the dog will run to the far side and nudge them back on course.

Paul